Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is what happens when leg-vein valves fail over the long term and blood chronically pools in the legs. It's the underlying condition behind many advanced varicose veins.
What is CVI?
In CVI, damaged valves allow blood to flow backward (reflux) and collect in the lower legs. The sustained pressure — called venous hypertension — drives swelling, skin changes, and discomfort that worsen over years if untreated.
Symptoms
Common signs include leg heaviness and aching, swelling that worsens through the day, restless or tired legs, itching, and — in later stages — brown skin discoloration around the ankle, hardened skin, and ulcers.
The CEAP stages
Clinicians grade venous disease on the CEAP scale, from C0 (no visible signs) and C1 (spider veins) through C2 (varicose veins), C3 (swelling), C4 (skin changes), C5 (healed ulcer), and C6 (active ulcer). Earlier stages are easier to manage.
How CVI is treated
Management combines compression and lifestyle changes with procedures that close the refluxing veins — the same minimally invasive options used for varicose veins. Treating the source reduces pressure and helps prevent progression to skin damage.
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Check your symptoms →Frequently asked questions
Is chronic venous insufficiency serious?
It's progressive and can lead to ulcers if ignored, but it's very manageable when caught early and treated.
Can CVI be cured?
The damaged valves can't be repaired, but closing the faulty veins and managing pressure can resolve symptoms and halt progression.
What's the difference between CVI and varicose veins?
Varicose veins are a visible sign; CVI is the broader circulation disorder. You can have CVI with or without obvious varicose veins.
Medical disclaimer: This article is for general education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. SOLVEIN is an investigational device and is not FDA-cleared.